About the Authors

Peter T. S. van der Gulik

Peter.van.der.Gulik@cwi.nl

Affiliation Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica, P.O. Box 94079, 1090 GB Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Wouter D. Hoff

Affiliations Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74078, United States of America, Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74078, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Wrote the paper: PTSvdG WDH. Performed analysis of published literature on the tRNA modification machinery: PTSvdG. Derived the proposed model for the development of tRNA sets and anticodon modifications: PTSvdG WDH.