About the Authors

Ruth Simmons

Contributed equally to this work with: Ruth Simmons, Ruslan Malyuta, Nelli Chentsova, Iryna Karnets, Gary Murphy, Antonia Medoeva, Andrew Copas, Kholoud Porter

Affiliation University College London, London, United Kingdom

Ruslan Malyuta

Contributed equally to this work with: Ruth Simmons, Ruslan Malyuta, Nelli Chentsova, Iryna Karnets, Gary Murphy, Antonia Medoeva, Andrew Copas, Kholoud Porter

Affiliation Perinatal Prevention of AIDS Initiative, Odessa, Ukraine

Nelli Chentsova

Contributed equally to this work with: Ruth Simmons, Ruslan Malyuta, Nelli Chentsova, Iryna Karnets, Gary Murphy, Antonia Medoeva, Andrew Copas, Kholoud Porter

† Deceased.

Affiliation Kyiv City AIDS Centre, Ukraine

Iryna Karnets

Contributed equally to this work with: Ruth Simmons, Ruslan Malyuta, Nelli Chentsova, Iryna Karnets, Gary Murphy, Antonia Medoeva, Andrew Copas, Kholoud Porter

Affiliation Kyiv City AIDS Centre, Ukraine

Gary Murphy

Contributed equally to this work with: Ruth Simmons, Ruslan Malyuta, Nelli Chentsova, Iryna Karnets, Gary Murphy, Antonia Medoeva, Andrew Copas, Kholoud Porter

Affiliation Public Health England, London, United Kingdom

Antonia Medoeva

Contributed equally to this work with: Ruth Simmons, Ruslan Malyuta, Nelli Chentsova, Iryna Karnets, Gary Murphy, Antonia Medoeva, Andrew Copas, Kholoud Porter

Affiliation Kyiv City AIDS Centre, Ukraine

Yuri Kruglov

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Institute of Epidemiology, Kyiv, Ukraine

Alexander Yurchenko

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Kyiv City AIDS Centre, Ukraine

Andrew Copas

Contributed equally to this work with: Ruth Simmons, Ruslan Malyuta, Nelli Chentsova, Iryna Karnets, Gary Murphy, Antonia Medoeva, Andrew Copas, Kholoud Porter

Affiliation University College London, London, United Kingdom

Kholoud Porter

Contributed equally to this work with: Ruth Simmons, Ruslan Malyuta, Nelli Chentsova, Iryna Karnets, Gary Murphy, Antonia Medoeva, Andrew Copas, Kholoud Porter

kholoud.porter@ucl.ac.uk

Affiliation University College London, London, United Kingdom

on behalf of CASCADE Collaboration in EuroCoord

Membership of the CASCADE Collaboration in EuroCoord is provided in the Appendix.

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: KP RM. Performed the experiments: IK NC. Analyzed the data: RS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: GM AM NC AY YK. Wrote the paper: RS KP GM AM RM AY YK AC IK.