About the Authors

Jürgen Arund

jurgen.arund@ttu.ee

Affiliation Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technomedicum, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia

Merike Luman

Affiliation Department of Dialysis and Nephrology, North Estonia Medical Centre, Tallinn, Estonia

Fredrik Uhlin

Affiliations Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technomedicum, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia, Department of Nephrology, Region Östergötland, and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden

Risto Tanner

Affiliation Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technomedicum, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia

Ivo Fridolin

Affiliation Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technomedicum, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia

Competing Interests

JA, FU, RT, and IF are listed as coinventors on patent (Publication No.: US9103789 B2) and patent application No. EP11740556 that relate to the fluorescence monitoring of removal of protein-bound uremic toxins. This does not alter the authors' adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. ML reported no competing interests.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: IF ML FU. Performed the experiments: JA IF ML FU. Analyzed the data: JA. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: RT. Wrote the paper: JA ML FU RT IF.