About the Authors

Dennis L. Murray

dennismurray@trentu.ca

Affiliation Institute of Integrative Conservation Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, K9J 7B8, Canada

Douglas Morris

Affiliation Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada

Claude Lavoie

Affiliation École supérieure d’aménagement du territoire et de développement régional, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0 A6, Canada

Peter R. Leavitt

Affiliation Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada

Hugh MacIsaac

Affiliation Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada

Michael E. J. Masson

Affiliation Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada

Marc-Andre Villard

Affiliation Département de biologie, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, E1A 3E9, Canada

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: DLM DM CL PRL HM MM M-AV. Performed the experiments: DLM. Analyzed the data: DLM. Wrote the paper: DLM DM CL PRL HM MM M-AV.