About the Authors

Riikka Linnakoski

riikka.linnakoski@helsinki.fi

Affiliations Department of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa

Saila Mahilainen

Affiliation School of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland

Alison Harrington

Affiliation Watson Foundation, New York, United States of America

Henri Vanhanen

Affiliation Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Joensuu, Finland

Miikka Eriksson

Affiliation School of Applied Educational Science and Teacher Education, Philosophical Faculty, University of Eastern Finland, Savonlinna, Finland

Lauri Mehtätalo

Affiliation School of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland

Ari Pappinen

Affiliation School of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland

Michael J. Wingfield

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: RL SM HV ME. Performed the experiments: SM AH HV ME. Analyzed the data: RL SM LM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AP MJW. Wrote the paper: RL SM AH HV ME LM AP MJW. Wrote the first draft of the manuscript: RL. Obtained permission for the field work: HV.