About the Authors

Daniela Marino

Contributed equally to this work with: Daniela Marino, Mario Perković, Anika Hain, Ananda A. Jaguva Vasudevan

Affiliations Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany, Division of Medical Biotechnology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Germany

Mario Perković

Contributed equally to this work with: Daniela Marino, Mario Perković, Anika Hain, Ananda A. Jaguva Vasudevan

Current address: TRON (Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany

Affiliations Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany, Division of Medical Biotechnology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Germany

Anika Hain

Contributed equally to this work with: Daniela Marino, Mario Perković, Anika Hain, Ananda A. Jaguva Vasudevan

Affiliation Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany

Ananda A. Jaguva Vasudevan

Contributed equally to this work with: Daniela Marino, Mario Perković, Anika Hain, Ananda A. Jaguva Vasudevan

Affiliation Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany

Henning Hofmann

Current address: Robert Koch Institute, Division for HIV and other Retroviruses, Berlin, Germany

Affiliations Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany, Division of Medical Biotechnology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Germany

Kay-Martin Hanschmann

Affiliation Biostatistics, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Germany

Michael D. Mühlebach

Affiliations Division of Medical Biotechnology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Germany, Product Testing of Immunological Medicinal Products for Veterinary Uses, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Germany

Gerald G. Schumann

Affiliation Division of Medical Biotechnology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Germany

Renate König

Affiliations Host-Pathogen Interactions, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Germany, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Klaus Cichutek

Affiliation Division of Medical Biotechnology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Germany

Dieter Häussinger

Affiliation Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany

Carsten Münk

carsten.muenk@med.uni-duesseldorf.de

Affiliations Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany, Division of Medical Biotechnology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Germany

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: DM MP GGS RK KC CM. Performed the experiments: DM MP AH AAJV HH KMH. Analyzed the data: DM MP AH AAJV MDM KMH RK KC DH CM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MDM. Wrote the paper: MDM GGS CM.