About the Authors
- Rachel D. Savage
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Affiliations Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Robert A. Fowler
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Affiliations Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Medicine, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Asgar H. Rishu
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Affiliation Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Sean M. Bagshaw
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Affiliation Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Deborah Cook
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Affiliation Department of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Peter Dodek
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Affiliations Department of Medicine, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, Center for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Richard Hall
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Affiliations Faculty of Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Anand Kumar
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Affiliations Department of Medicine, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- François Lamontagne
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Affiliations Centre de recherche du CHU de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada, Département de médecine, Service de médecine interne, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- François Lauzier
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Affiliations Axe Santé des populations et pratiques optimales en santé, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada, Département de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada, Département d’anesthésiologie et de soins intensifs, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- John Marshall
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Affiliations St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Departments of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Claudio M. Martin
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Affiliations Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, Critical Care, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lauralyn McIntyre
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Affiliation Department of Medicine, Division of Critical Care, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- John Muscedere
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Affiliations Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Steven Reynolds
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Affiliation Department of Medicine, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Henry T. Stelfox
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Affiliation Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Nick Daneman
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* E-mail: Nick.Daneman@sunnybrook.ca
Affiliations Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Competing Interests
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: RAF ND. Performed the experiments: RAF AHR SMB DC PD RH AK F. Lamontagne F. Lauzier J. Marshall CMM LM J. Muscedere SR HTS ND. Analyzed the data: RDS ND. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: RAF SMB DC PD RH AK F. Lamontagne F. Lauzier J. Marshall CMM LM J. Muscedere SR HTS ND. Wrote the paper: RDS RAF AHR SMB DC PD RH AK F. Lamontagne F. Lauzier J. Marshall CMM LM J. Muscedere SR HTS ND.