About the Authors

Bridget L. Borg

bridget_borg@nps.gov

Affiliations University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Arctic Biology, 323 Murie Building, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775, United States of America, National Park Service, Denali National Park and Preserve, P.O. Box 9, Denali Park, Alaska 99755, United States of America

Stephen M. Arthur

Affiliation National Park Service, Denali National Park and Preserve, P.O. Box 9, Denali Park, Alaska 99755, United States of America

Nicholas A. Bromen

Affiliation National Park Service, Denali National Park and Preserve, P.O. Box 9, Denali Park, Alaska 99755, United States of America

Kira A. Cassidy

Affiliation National Park Service, Yellowstone Center for Resources, Wolf Project, P.O. Box 168, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming 82190, United States of America

Rick McIntyre

Affiliation National Park Service, Yellowstone Center for Resources, Wolf Project, P.O. Box 168, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming 82190, United States of America

Douglas W. Smith

Affiliation National Park Service, Yellowstone Center for Resources, Wolf Project, P.O. Box 168, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming 82190, United States of America

Laura R. Prugh

Affiliations University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Arctic Biology, 323 Murie Building, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775, United States of America, University of Washington, School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, Box 352100, Seattle Washington 98195, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: BB LP. Performed the experiments: BB RM. Analyzed the data: BB NB KC LP. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: BB SA NB KC RM DS LP. Wrote the paper: BB SA NB KC RM DS LP.