About the Authors

Graham R. Foster

g.r.foster@qmul.ac.uk

Affiliation Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom

Carmine Coppola

Affiliation Unità Operativa Epatologia ed Ecografia Interventistica Ospedale Gragnano, Naples, Italy

Moutaz Derbala

Affiliation Hamad Medical Hospital, Doha, Qatar

Peter Ferenci

Affiliation Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

Alessandra Orlandini

Affiliation Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy

K. Rajender Reddy

Affiliation University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Ludovico Tallarico

Affiliation Divisione di Medicina, Ospedale Elena D’Aosta, Naples, Italy

Mitchell L. Shiffman

Affiliation Liver Institute of Virginia, Bon Secours Health System, Newport News/Richmond, Virginia, United States of America

Silke Ahlers

Affiliation PROMETRIS GmbH, Mannheim, Germany

Georgios Bakalos

Affiliation F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland

Tarek Hassanein

Affiliation University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America

GUARD-C Study Group

Membership of the GUARD-C Study Group is provided in the Acknowledgments.

Competing Interests

The authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: G. R. Foster reports Speaker and consultancy fees from Roche, Merck, Gilead Sciences, Novartis, AbbVie, Janssen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim, Idenix, Achillion. C. Coppola and M. Derbala report no competing interests. P. Ferenci reports the following interests: Global Advisory board: Roche/Genentech, Merck; Advisor: AbbVie, Gilead Sciences, Janssen, Achillion; Speaker’s bureau: Roche, MSD Austria, Janssen Austria, BMS Austria, Gilead Sciences, AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim; Unrestricted research grant: Roche Austria. A. Orlandini reports no competing interests. K.R. Reddy reports the following interests: Advisory Board: Merck, Gilead Sciences, AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Genentech-Roche, Idenix, Novartis, Janssen, Vertex. Research Support: Merck, Gilead, Bristol-Myers Squibb, AbbVie, Janssen, Vertex. L. Tallarico has no competing interests. M.L. Shiffman has the following interests: Advisory board: AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim, Gilead Sciences, Hologic, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Roche/Genentech and Vertex; Grant support from AbbVie, Achillion, Beckman-Colter, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim, Conatus, Gilead Sciences, Hologic, Intercept, Lumena, Merck and Novartis; and speaker fees from Abbvie, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Gilead, Janssen, Merck, Roche/Genentech and Vertex. S. Ahlers is an employee of PROMETRIS GmbH the clinical research organization providing data management and statistical services to Roche. G. Bakalos is an employee of F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland. T. Hassanein has reveived the following Research Grants: AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eisai, Gilead Sciences, Idenix, Ikaria, Janssen, La Jolla Pharmaceuticals, Merck, Mochida, NGM BioPharmaceuticals, Roche, Ocera, Sundise, Salix, TaiGen, Takeda, Tobria, Vertex, Vital Therapies. He is also on the following advisory boards: AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb. Speaker: Baxter, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Gilead Sciences, Salix. Peginterferon alfa-2a (PEGASYS®) and ribavirin (COPEGUS®) are both products marketed by F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland and protected by various intellectual property rights. There are no other patents, products in development or marketed products to declare. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials, as detailed online in the guide for authors.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: GRF PF KRR MLS TH. Performed the experiments: CC MD AO LT. Analyzed the data: GRF PF KRR MLS SA GB. Wrote the paper: GRF CC MD PF AO KRR LT MLS SA GB TA.