About the Authors

Yoshiko Onda

morohoshy@gmail.com

Affiliation Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Rimei Nishimura

Affiliations Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Aya Morimoto

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Morimoto Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

Hironari Sano

Affiliation Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Kazunori Utsunomiya

Affiliation Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Naoko Tajima

Affiliation Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

The Diabetes Epidemiology Research International (DERI) Mortality Study Group

Membership of The Diabetes Epidemiology Research International (DERI) Mortality Study Group is listed in the Acknowledgments.

Competing Interests

The authors have the following interests. RN has received research support from the Japan Diabetes Foundation, has participated in speaker's bureau/advisory panels for Astellas, Astra Zeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi-Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Johnson & Johnson, Kissei, Kowa, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk, Ono Pharmaceuticals, Sanofi Aventis, Taisho, Takeda, and Tanabe-Mitsubishi, and served as a consultant for Abbott, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, and Taisho. HS has received research support from the Japan Diabetes Foundation. KU has received research support from Kowa, Kyowa Hakko Kirin, MSD, Ono Pharmaceuticals, and Tanabe-Mitsubishi and has participated in speaker's bureau/advisory panels for Astellas, Astra Zeneca, Kowa, MSD, Novo Nordisk, and Sanofi Aventis. NT has received research support from Manpei Suzuki Diabetes Foundation and has participated in speaker's bureau/advisory panels for Abbott, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, MSD, Novartis Pharma, Novo Nordisk, and Takeda. All the other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. There are no patents, products in development or marketed products to declare. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials, as detailed online in the guide for authors.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: NT. Analyzed the data: YO. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: YO RN AM HS NT. Wrote the paper: YO. Provided clinical expertise: RN KU NT.