About the Authors

Brian Dennis

brian@uidaho.edu

Affiliations Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, 83844–1136, United States of America, Department of Statistical Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, 83844–1136, United States of America

William P. Kemp

Affiliation USDA Agricultural Research Service, Red River Valley Agricultural Research Center, 1605 Albrecht Blvd North, Fargo, North Dakota, 58102–2765, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Wrote the paper: BD WPK. Conceived idea for, constructed, and analyzed mathematical model of honey bee colony: BD WPK.