About the Authors

Antoneta Granic

antoneta.granic@newcastle.ac.uk

Affiliations Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre in Ageing and Chronic Disease, and Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, Ageing, Geriatrics & Epidemiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

Carol Jagger

Affiliations Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

Karen Davies

Affiliations Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre in Ageing and Chronic Disease, and Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, Ageing, Geriatrics & Epidemiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

Ashley Adamson

Affiliations Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

Thomas Kirkwood

Affiliations Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

Tom R. Hill

Affiliations Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

Mario Siervo

Affiliations Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

John C. Mathers

Affiliations Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

Avan Aihie Sayer

Affiliations Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre in Ageing and Chronic Disease, and Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, Ageing, Geriatrics & Epidemiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom, NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care: Wessex, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have read the journal's policy and have the following competing interests: This study was partly funded by AXA (Antoneta Granic), and the Newcastle 85+ Study was partly funded by Unilever Corporate Research. There are no patents, products in development or marketed products to declare. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials, as detailed online in the guide for authors.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AG AAS CJ. Performed the experiments: AG. Analyzed the data: AG. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AG CJ. Wrote the paper: AG CJ JCM AAS. Design, conduct and acquisition of the Newcastle 85+ Study: CJ KD TK. Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: AG CJ KD AA TK TRH MS JCM. Obtained funding for the Newcastle 85+ Study funding: CJ TK. Final approval of the version to be submitted AG CJ KD AA TK TRH MS JCM AAS. Full responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis: AG.