About the Authors

Hirotsugu Hatai

Affiliations Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America, Department of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan

Alice Lepelley

Affiliation Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America

Wangyong Zeng

Affiliation Department of Dermatology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America

Matthew S. Hayden

Affiliations Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America, Department of Dermatology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America

Sankar Ghosh

sg2715@columbia.edu

Affiliation Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: HH MSH SG. Performed the experiments: HH. Analyzed the data: HH MSH SG. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: HH AL WZ MSH. Wrote the paper: HH AL MSH SG.