About the Authors

Peter J. Etchells

Contributed equally to this work with: Peter J. Etchells, Suzanne H. Gage

p.etchells@bathspa.ac.uk

Affiliations School of Society, Enterprise and Environment, Bath Spa University, Newton St Loe, Bath, United Kingdom, School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol, United Kingdom

Suzanne H. Gage

Contributed equally to this work with: Peter J. Etchells, Suzanne H. Gage

Affiliations School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol, United Kingdom, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol, United Kingdom, UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol, United Kingdom

Adam D. Rutherford

Affiliation UCL Division of Biosciences—Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London, United Kingdom

Marcus R. Munafò

Affiliations School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol, United Kingdom, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol, United Kingdom, UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: PJE SHG ADR MRM. Performed the experiments: PJE SHG ADR MRM. Analyzed the data: SHG MRM. Wrote the paper: PJE SHG ADR MRM.