About the Authors

Naoto Tatewaki

Affiliation Department of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan

Tetsuya Konishi

Affiliation Department of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan

Yuki Nakajima

Affiliation Department of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan

Miyako Nishida

Affiliation Department of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan

Masafumi Saito

Affiliation Department of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan

Takahiro Eitsuka

Affiliation Department of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan

Toshiyuki Sakamaki

Affiliation Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan

Nobuo Ikekawa

Affiliation Niigata Bio Research Center, Niigata, Japan

Hiroshi Nishida

wm7h-nsd@asahi-net.or.jp

Affiliation Department of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan

Competing Interests

Squalene was provided by Nissei Marine Industrial Co., Ltd. This company had no role in the interpretation, writing, or publication of this work. There are no patents, products in development. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials, as detailed online in the guide for authors.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: NT TK HN. Performed the experiments: NT YN HN. Analyzed the data: NT MN MS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: TK TE TS NI HN. Wrote the paper: NT TK TS HN.