About the Authors

Navid Ranjbar

navidr@siswa.um.edu.my

Affiliation Department of Civil Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Mehdi Mehrali

Affiliation DTU Nanotech, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark

Arash Behnia

Affiliation Department of Civil Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Alireza Javadi Pordsari

Affiliation Department of Civil Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Mohammad Mehrali

Affiliation Department of Mechanical Engineering and Center of advanced Material, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

U. Johnson Alengaram

Affiliation Department of Civil Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Mohd Zamin Jumaat

Affiliation Department of Civil Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: NR. Performed the experiments: NR AJP. Analyzed the data: NR Mehdi Mehrali AB Mohammad Mehrali. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: UJA MZJ. Wrote the paper: NR Mehdi Mehrali AB Mohammad Mehrali. Designed the experimental tests, analysis of the data and wrote the manuscript: NR. FTIR analysis and analysis of the data and contribution in writing of the manuscript: Mehdi Mehrali. Shrinkage analysis and contribution in writing of the manuscript: AB. Microstructure analysis, density measurement and contribution in writing of the manuscript: Mohammad Mehrali.