About the Authors

Vu Dinh Phu

Contributed equally to this work with: Vu Dinh Phu, Heiman F. L. Wertheim

vudinhphu07@gmail.com (VDP); Heiman.wertheim@gmail.com (HW)

Affiliation Intensive Care Unit, National Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ha Noi, Vietnam

Heiman F. L. Wertheim

Contributed equally to this work with: Vu Dinh Phu, Heiman F. L. Wertheim

vudinhphu07@gmail.com (VDP); Heiman.wertheim@gmail.com (HW)

Current address: Department of medical microbiology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands.

Affiliations Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hanoi, Vietnam, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom

Mattias Larsson

Affiliation Global Health (IHCAR), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Behzad Nadjm

Affiliations Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hanoi, Vietnam, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom

Quynh-Dao Dinh

Affiliation Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hanoi, Vietnam

Lennart E. Nilsson

Affiliation Clinical Microbiology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden

Ulf Rydell

Affiliation Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden

Tuyet Thi Diem Le

Affiliation Intensive Care Unit, Bach Mai Hospital, Ha Noi, Vietnam

Son Hong Trinh

Affiliation Board of Directors, Viet Duc Hospital, Ha Noi, Vietnam

Hung Minh Pham

Affiliation Pharmacy, Saint-Paul Hospital, Ha Noi, Vietnam

Cang Thanh Tran

Affiliation Intensive Care Unit, Viet Tiep Hospital, Hai Phong, Vietnam

Hanh Thi Hong Doan

Affiliation Board of Directors, Vietnam-Sweden Uong Bi Hospital, Quang Ninh, Vietnam

Nguyen Thua Tran

Affiliation Department of General Internal Medicine & Geriatric, Hue Central General Hospital, Hue, Vietnam

Nhan Duc Le

Affiliation Board of Directors, Da Nang Hospital, Da Nang, Vietnam

Nhuan Van Huynh

Affiliation Infectious Department, Binh Dinh Hospital, Binh Dinh, Vietnam

Thao Phuong Tran

Affiliation Intensive Care Unit, Khanh Hoa Hospital, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam

Bao Duc Tran

Affiliation Planning Department, Dak Lak Hospital, Dak Lak, Vietnam

Son Truong Nguyen

Affiliation Board of Directors, Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Thao Thi Ngoc Pham

Affiliation Board of Directors, Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Tam Quang Dang

Affiliation Board of Directors, Can Tho Central General Hosptial, Can Tho, Vietnam

Chau Van Vinh Nguyen

Affiliation Board of directors, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Yen Minh Lam

Affiliation Board of directors, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Guy Thwaites

Affiliations Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Kinh Van Nguyen

Affiliation Board of Directors, National Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ha Noi, Vietnam

Hakan Hanberger

Affiliation Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: VDP HFLW ML LEN UR HH KVN. Performed the experiments: VDP HFLW ML BN QDD LEN UR TTDL SHT HMP CTT HTHD NTT NDL NVH TPT BDT STN TTNP TQD CVVN YML GT KVN HH. Analyzed the data: VDP HFLW BN QDD HH. Wrote the paper: VDP HFLW BN ML LEN UR HH KVN GT.