About the Authors

Chao Wang

Contributed equally to this work with: Chao Wang, Xia Li

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China

Xia Li

Contributed equally to this work with: Chao Wang, Xia Li

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China, Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland

Yingjie Zhang

Affiliation National Center for Public Health, Surveillance and Information Services, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China

Qin Xu

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China

Fangfang Huang

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China

Kai Cao

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China

Lixin Tao

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China

Jin Guo

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China

Qi Gao

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China

Wei Wang

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia

Liqun Fang

guoxiuh@ccmu.edu.cn (XG); fang_lq@163.com (LF)

Affiliation State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China

Xiuhua Guo

guoxiuh@ccmu.edu.cn (XG); fang_lq@163.com (LF)

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: XG LF. Performed the experiments: CW YZ LF XG. Analyzed the data: CW XL LF XG. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: CW XL YZ QX FH KC LT JG QG WW. Wrote the paper: CW XL YZ QX FH KC LT JG QG WW.