About the Authors

Kazuno Negishi

fwic7788@mb.infoweb.ne.jp

Affiliation Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Sachiko Masui

Affiliation Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Masaru Mimura

Affiliation Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Yoshio Fujita

Affiliation Faculty of Health Sciences, Mejiro University, Tokyo, Japan

Kazuo Tsubota

Affiliation Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Competing Interests

K.T. holds the patent rights for the methodology and the apparatus for the measurement of the functional visual acuity (US patent No.: 7470026). This does not alter the authors' adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: KN MM YF KT. Performed the experiments: KN SM YF. Analyzed the data: KN SM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: YF MM KT. Wrote the paper: KN. Critical revision of the manuscript: SM MM YF KT. Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work: KN SM MM YF KT.