About the Authors

Alexa R. Weingarden

Affiliations Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America, The BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America

Peter I. Dosa

Affiliation Department of Medicinal Chemistry—Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America

Erin DeWinter

Affiliation The BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America

Clifford J. Steer

Affiliations Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America

Megan K. Shaughnessy

Affiliations Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare System, Division of Infectious Diseases, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America

James R. Johnson

Affiliations Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare System, Division of Infectious Diseases, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America

Alexander Khoruts

‡ These authors are joint senior authors on this work.

Affiliations The BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America

Michael J. Sadowsky

Sadowsky@umn.edu

‡ These authors are joint senior authors on this work.

Affiliations The BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America, Department of Soil, Water & Climate, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America

Competing Interests

AK and MJS received funding from CIPAC LLC to carry out research on FMT using frozen and freeze-dried fecal microbiota. AK and MJS have provided consulting services for CIPAC; conflicts of interest are being managed by the University of Minnesota Conflicts of Interest Program. All other authors have no potential conflicts of interest to declare. This does not alter the authors' adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AK MJS ARW. Performed the experiments: ARW ED MKS. Analyzed the data: ARW PID MJS AK JRJ. Wrote the paper: ARW AK CJS MJS.