About the Authors

Lauralyn A. McIntyre

lmcintyre@ohri.ca

Affiliations Department of Medicine (Division of Critical Care), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

David Moher

Affiliations The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Dean A. Fergusson

Affiliations The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Katrina J. Sullivan

Affiliation The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Shirley H. J. Mei

Affiliation The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Manoj Lalu

Affiliations The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

John Marshall

Affiliation Department of Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michaels Hospital, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Malcolm Mcleod

Affiliation Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom

Gilly Griffin

Affiliation The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Jeremy Grimshaw

Affiliations The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Alexis Turgeon

Affiliations Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada, Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit (Trauma—Emergency—Critical Care Medicine), CHU de Québec Research Center, CHU de Québec (Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus), Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada

Marc T. Avey

Affiliation The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Michael A. Rudnicki

Affiliations Department of Medicine (Division of Critical Care), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Mazen Jazi

Affiliation University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada

Jason Fishman

Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada

Duncan J. Stewart

Affiliations The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Canadian Critical Care Translational Biology Group

Competing Interests

The authors have the following interests: Michael A. Rudnicki is a founding scientist in Fate Therapeutics. Duncan J. Stewart is President and CEO of Northern Therapeutics (Montréal, QC, Canada) and has received research funding from United Therapeutics. Shirley H. Mei is an employee of Northern Therapeutics. Malcolm McLeod is a member of the UK Home Office Animals in Science Committee. There are no patents, products in development or marketed products to declare. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials, as detailed online in the guide for authors.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: LAM DM DAF SHJM ML JM MM GG JG AT MTA MAR JF DJS. Performed the experiments: LAM KJS SHJM MTA ML MJ JF. Analyzed the data: LAM DM DAF SHJM ML JM MM GG JG AT MTA DJS KJS. Wrote the paper: LAM DM DAF KJS SHJM ML JM MM GG JG AT MTA MAR MJ JF DJS.