About the Authors

Esther Roura

eroura@iconcologia.net

Affiliations Unit of Infections and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)-IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain

Noémie Travier

Affiliation Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)-IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

Tim Waterboer

Affiliation Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections (F020), Research Program Infection, Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany

Silvia de Sanjosé

Affiliations Unit of Infections and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)-IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain

F. Xavier Bosch

Affiliation Unit of Infections and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)-IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

Michael Pawlita

Affiliation Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections (F020), Research Program Infection, Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany

Valeria Pala

Affiliation Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy

Elisabete Weiderpass

Affiliations Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway, Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland

Núria Margall

Affiliation Microbiology Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

Joakim Dillner

Affiliations Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Inger T. Gram

Affiliation Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway

Anne Tjønneland

Affiliation Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark

Christian Munk

Affiliation Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark

Domenico Palli

Affiliation Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute–ISPO, Florence, Italy

Kay-Tee Khaw

Affiliation School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Kim Overvad

Affiliation Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

Françoise Clavel-Chapelon

Affiliations Inserm, Centre for research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U318, Nutrition, Hormones and Women’s Health team, F-94705, Villejuif, France, Université Paris Sud, UMRS 318, F-94705, Villejuif, France, Institut Gustave Roussy, F-94705, Villejuif, France

Sylvie Mesrine

Affiliations Inserm, Centre for research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U318, Nutrition, Hormones and Women’s Health team, F-94705, Villejuif, France, Université Paris Sud, UMRS 318, F-94705, Villejuif, France, Institut Gustave Roussy, F-94705, Villejuif, France

Agnès Fournier

Affiliations Inserm, Centre for research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U318, Nutrition, Hormones and Women’s Health team, F-94705, Villejuif, France, Université Paris Sud, UMRS 318, F-94705, Villejuif, France, Institut Gustave Roussy, F-94705, Villejuif, France

Renée T. Fortner

Affiliation Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany

Jennifer Ose

Affiliation Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany

Annika Steffen

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany

Antonia Trichopoulou

Affiliation Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece

Pagona Lagiou

Affiliations Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, United States of America

Philippos Orfanos

Affiliations Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece

Giovanna Masala

Affiliation Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute–ISPO, Florence, Italy

Rosario Tumino

Affiliation Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, "Civic—M.P. Arezzo" Hospital, Ragusa, Italy

Carlotta Sacerdote

Affiliations Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy, Centre for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention (CPO Piemonte), Turin, Italy

Silvia Polidoro

Affiliation Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Turin, Italy

Amalia Mattiello

Affiliation Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Chirurgia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy

Eiliv Lund

Affiliation Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway

Petra H. Peeters

Affiliations MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom, Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

H. B(as). Bueno-de-Mesquita

Affiliations Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Department of Social & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

J. Ramón Quirós

Affiliation Public Health Directorate, Asturias, Spain

María-José Sánchez

Affiliations CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain, Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain

Carmen Navarro

Affiliations CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain, Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain, Department of Health and Social Sciences, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain

Aurelio Barricarte

Affiliations CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain, Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain

Nerea Larrañaga

Affiliations CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain, Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BIODonostia Research Institute, Basque Health Department, Bilbao, Spain

Johanna Ekström

Affiliation BBMRI.se Service Center for Southern Sweden, Lund University, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden

David Lindquist

Affiliation Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

Annika Idahl

Affiliation Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

Ruth C. Travis

Affiliation Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Melissa A. Merritt

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Marc J. Gunter

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Sabina Rinaldi

Affiliation International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France

Massimo Tommasino

Affiliation International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France

Silvia Franceschi

Affiliation International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France

Elio Riboli

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Xavier Castellsagué

Affiliations Unit of Infections and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)-IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: E. Roura NT TW SdS FXB MP VP EW NM JD ITG A. Tjønneland CM DP KTK KO FCC SM AF RTF JO AS A. Trichopoulou PL PO GM RT CS SP AM EL PHP HBBdM JRQ MJS CN AB NL JE DL AI RCT MAM MJG SR MT SF E. Riboli XC. Performed the experiments: E. Roura NT TW SdS FXB MP VP EW NM JD ITG A. Tjønneland CM DP KTK KO FCC SM AF RTF JO AS A. Trichopoulou PL PO GM RT CS SP AM EL PHP HBBdM JRQ MJS CN AB NL JE DL AI RCT MAM MJG SR MT SF E. Riboli XC. Analyzed the data: E. Roura NT XC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: E. Roura NT TW SdS FXB MP VP EW NM JD ITG A. Tjønneland CM DP KTK KO FCC SM AF RTF JO AS A. Trichopoulou PL PO GM RT CS SP AM EL PHP HBBdM JRQ MJS CN AB NL JE DL AI RCT MAM MJG SR MT SF E. Riboli XC. Wrote the paper: E. Roura NT TW SdS FXB MP VP EW NM JD ITG A. Tjønneland CM DP KTK KO FCC SM AF RTF JO AS A. Trichopoulou PL PO GM RT CS SP AM EL PHP HBBdM JRQ MJS CN AB NL JE DL AI RCT MAM MJG SR MT SF E. Riboli XC. Performed the lab assays: TW MP NM.