About the Authors

Ane Arbillaga-Etxarri

Affiliations Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain, CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain

Jaume Torrent-Pallicer

Affiliations Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain, CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain

Elena Gimeno-Santos

Affiliations Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain, CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain, FCS Blanquerna, Research Group in Physical Activity and Health (SAFE), Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain

Anael Barberan-Garcia

Affiliations Pneumology department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedicine Research Institution (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain, CIBER Respiratory diseases (CIBERES), Bunyola, Illes Balears, Spain

Anna Delgado

Affiliations Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain, CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain

Eva Balcells

Affiliations Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain, CIBER Respiratory diseases (CIBERES), Bunyola, Illes Balears, Spain, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain, Pneumology department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain

Diego A. Rodríguez

Affiliations CIBER Respiratory diseases (CIBERES), Bunyola, Illes Balears, Spain, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain, Pneumology department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain

Jordi Vilaró

Affiliation FCS Blanquerna, Research Group in Physical Activity and Health (SAFE), Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain

Pere Vall-Casas

Affiliation International University of Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain

Alfredo Irurtia

Affiliation Catalan National Institute of Physical Education (INEFC), Barcelona, Spain

Robert Rodriguez-Roisin

Affiliations Pneumology department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedicine Research Institution (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain, CIBER Respiratory diseases (CIBERES), Bunyola, Illes Balears, Spain

Judith Garcia-Aymerich

jgarcia@creal.cat

Affiliations Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain, CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain

Urban Training™ Study Group

Membership of the Urban Training™ Study Group is listed in the Acknowledgments.

Competing Interests

One author (RRR) reports receipt of grants/research support from Almirall (not related to this study), lectured for Almirall, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Ferrer, Menarini, Takeda, and TEVA, and consulted with Boehringer Ingelheim, Pearl, Takeda, and TEVA. AAE, JTP, EGS, ABG, AD, EB, DAG, JV, PVC, AI, and JGA have nothing to disclose. There are no patents, products in development, or marketed products to declare. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials, as detailed online in the guide for authors.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JGA EGS JTP AAE. Performed the experiments: AD JTP AAE. Analyzed the data: JGA JTP AAE. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: ABG RRR DAR EB PVC AI JV. Wrote the paper: AAE JTP EGS ABG AD EB DAR JV PVC AI RRR JGA.