About the Authors

Nathan Kapata

nkapata@gmail.com

Affiliations National TB and Leprosy Control Program, Lusaka, Zambia, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Pascalina Chanda-Kapata

Affiliations Ministry of Health Headquarters, Lusaka, Zambia, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

William Ngosa

Affiliation Ministry of Health Headquarters, Lusaka, Zambia

Mine Metitiri

Affiliation Ministry of Health Headquarters, Lusaka, Zambia

Eveline Klinkenberg

Affiliations KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, The Hague, the Netherlands, Department of Global Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Nico Kalisvaart

Affiliation KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, The Hague, the Netherlands

Veronica Sunkutu

Affiliation University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia

Aaron Shibemba

Affiliation University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia

Chishala Chabala

Affiliation University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia

Gershom Chongwe

Affiliation Department of Public Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia

Mathias Tembo

Affiliation Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Ndola, Zambia

Lutinala Mulenga

Affiliation Chest Diseases Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia

Grace Mbulo

Affiliation University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia

Patrick Katemangwe

Affiliation University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia

Sandra Sakala

Affiliation Ministry of Health Headquarters, Lusaka, Zambia

Elizabeth Chizema-Kawesha

Affiliation Ministry of Health Headquarters, Lusaka, Zambia

Felix Masiye

Affiliation Department of Economics, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia

George Sinyangwe

Affiliation United States Agency for International Development, Country Mission, Lusaka, Zambia

Ikushi Onozaki

Affiliation Global Tuberculosis Programme, World Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland

Peter Mwaba

Affiliation Ministry of Home Affairs headquarters, Lusaka, Zambia

Davy Chikamata

Affiliation Ministry of Health Headquarters, Lusaka, Zambia

Alimuddin Zumla

Affiliation Division of Infection and Immunity, Department of Infection, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Martin P. Grobusch

Affiliation Centre for Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: N. Kapata PCK AZ PM IO MPG. Performed the experiments: N. Kapata PCK WN MM VS LM GM PK SS MT. Analyzed the data: N. Kapata PCK WN EK N. Kalisvaart AS CC GC FM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: ECK GS PM DC N. Kalisvaart. Wrote the paper: N. Kapata PCK EK IO AZ MPG. Wrote the first draft: N. Kapata PCK EK. Reviewed the draft and provided input: WN MM N. Kalisvaart VS AS CC GC SS MT LM GM PK ECK. Provided input to the analysis: PCK WN FM IO. Edited and provided guidance to analytical approach: AZ MPG DC PM GS.