About the Authors

Ching-Lung Tai

Affiliation Graduate Institute of Medical Mechatronics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan

Tsung-Ting Tsai

Affiliation Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan

Po-Liang Lai

Affiliation Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan

Yi-Lu Chen

Affiliation Graduate Institute of Medical Mechatronics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan

Mu-Yi Liu

Affiliation Graduate Institute of Medical Mechatronics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan

Lih-Huei Chen

lhchen2132@cgmh.org.tw

Affiliation Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: CLT LHC. Performed the experiments: CLT YLC MYL. Analyzed the data: TTT PLL. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: TTT PLL LHC. Wrote the paper: CLT.