About the Authors

Joseph U. Igietseme

jigietseme@cdc.gov

Affiliations National Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) Atlanta, GA 30333 United States of America, Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310 United States of America

Yusuf Omosun

Affiliations National Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) Atlanta, GA 30333 United States of America, Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310 United States of America

Olga Stuchlik

Affiliation National Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) Atlanta, GA 30333 United States of America

Matthew S. Reed

Affiliation National Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) Atlanta, GA 30333 United States of America

James Partin

Affiliation National Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) Atlanta, GA 30333 United States of America

Qing He

Affiliations National Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) Atlanta, GA 30333 United States of America, Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310 United States of America

Kahaliah Joseph

Affiliation National Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) Atlanta, GA 30333 United States of America

Debra Ellerson

Affiliation National Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) Atlanta, GA 30333 United States of America

Brigid Bollweg

Affiliation National Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) Atlanta, GA 30333 United States of America

Zenas George

Affiliation National Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) Atlanta, GA 30333 United States of America

Francis O. Eko

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310 United States of America

Claudiu Bandea

Affiliation National Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) Atlanta, GA 30333 United States of America

Hsi Liu

Affiliation National Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) Atlanta, GA 30333 United States of America

Genyan Yang

Affiliation National Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) Atlanta, GA 30333 United States of America

Wun-Ju Shieh

Affiliation National Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) Atlanta, GA 30333 United States of America

Jan Pohl

Affiliation National Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) Atlanta, GA 30333 United States of America

Kevin Karem

Affiliation National Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) Atlanta, GA 30333 United States of America

Carolyn M. Black

Affiliation National Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) Atlanta, GA 30333 United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JUI YO OS MSR JP QH KJ DE BB ZG FOE CB HL GY W-JS JP KK CMB. Performed the experiments: JUI YO OS MSR JP QH KJ DE BB ZG FOE CB HL GY W-JS JP KK CMB. Analyzed the data: JUI YO OS MSR JP QH KJ DE BB ZG FOE CB HL GY W-JS JP KK CMB. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JUI YO OS MSR JP QH KJ DE BB ZG FOE CB HL GY W-JS JP KK CMB. Wrote the paper: JUI YO OS MSR JP QH KJ DE BB ZG FOE CB HL GY W-JS JP KK CMB.