About the Authors

Stefania Senger

Affiliation Center for Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children and Celiac Program at Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America

Anna Sapone

Affiliations Center for Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children and Celiac Program at Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America, Celiac Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Maria Rosaria Fiorentino

Affiliation Center for Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children and Celiac Program at Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America

Giuseppe Mazzarella

Affiliation Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council (CNR), Avellino, 83100, Italy

Gregory Y. Lauwers

Affiliation Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Alessio Fasano

afasano@mgh.harvard.edu

Affiliation Center for Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children and Celiac Program at Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SS AF. Performed the experiments: SS AS MRF GM. Analyzed the data: SS AS MRF GYL AF. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AS GYL GM. Wrote the paper: SS AF AS.