About the Authors

Paul H. Williams

paw@nhm.ac.uk

Affiliation Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom

Alexandr M. Byvaltsev

Affiliation Department of General Biology and Ecology, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia

Björn Cederberg

Affiliation Swedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden

Mikhail V. Berezin

Affiliation Entomological Department (Insectarium), The Moscow Zoo, Moscow, Russia

Frode Ødegaard

Affiliation Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Trondheim, Norway

Claus Rasmussen

Affiliation Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

Leif L. Richardson

Affiliation Gund Institute for Ecological Economics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America

Jiaxing Huang

Affiliation Key Laboratory for Insect-Pollinator Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China

Cory S. Sheffield

Affiliation Royal Saskatchewan Museum, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada

Suzanne T. Williams

Affiliation Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have the following interests: work in Greenland was supported by the Carlsberg Foundation (grants 2009-01-0534 and 2011-01-0463). There are no patents, products in development or marketed products to declare. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials, as detailed online in the guide for authors.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: PHW. Performed the experiments: PHW STW. Analyzed the data: PHW. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: PHW AMB BC MVB FØ CR LLR JH CSS. Wrote the paper: PHW.