About the Authors

Viola Grugni

Affiliation Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy

Vincenza Battaglia

Affiliation Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy

Ugo Alessandro Perego

Affiliations Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy

Alessandro Raveane

Affiliation Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy

Hovirag Lancioni

Affiliation Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy

Anna Olivieri

Affiliation Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy

Luca Ferretti

Affiliation Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy

Scott R. Woodward

Affiliation Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America

Juan Miguel Pascale

Affiliation Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panama City, Panama

Richard Cooke

Affiliation Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama

Natalie Myres

Affiliations Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America, Ancestry, Provo, Utah, United States of America

Jorge Motta

Affiliation Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panama City, Panama

Antonio Torroni

Affiliation Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy

Alessandro Achilli

Affiliations Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy

Ornella Semino

ornella.semino@unipv.it

Affiliation Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy

Competing Interests

NM is employed by a commercial company: Ancestry.com. This does not alter the authors' adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: VG VB OS. Performed the experiments: VG VB UAP AR HL. Analyzed the data: VG VB UAP AR AO LF AT AA OS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: UAP AO SRW NM AT JM JMP AA OS. Wrote the paper: VG VB RC OS. Performed sample collection: UAP JMP NM JM AA. Read and provided comments on the manuscript: VG VB UAP AR HL AO LF SRW JMP RC NM JM AT AA OS.