About the Authors

Vanessa J. Kelly

Affiliation Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Tilo Winkler

Affiliation Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Jose G. Venegas

Affiliation Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Mamary Kone

Affiliation Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Daniel L. Hamilos

Affiliation Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Roshi Afshar

Affiliations Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Josalyn L. Cho

Affiliations Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Andrew D. Luster

Affiliations Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Benjamin D. Medoff

Affiliations Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

R. Scott Harris

rsharris@mgh.harvard.edu

Affiliation Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: TW JGV MK DLH JLC ADL BDM RSH. Performed the experiments: VJK TW JGV MK DLH RA JLC ADL BDM RSH. Analyzed the data: VJK TW JGV MK DLH RA JLC ADL BDM RSH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: VJK TW JGV ADL BDM RSH. Wrote the paper: VJK TW JGV MK DLH JLC ADL BDM RSH.