About the Authors

Pricilla E. Day

Affiliation Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom

Georgia Ntani

Affiliation MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom

Sarah R. Crozier

Affiliation MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom

Pam A. Mahon

Affiliation MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom

Hazel M. Inskip

Affiliation MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom

Cyrus Cooper

Affiliations MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom, NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopedic Centre, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7HE, United Kingdom

Nicholas C. Harvey

Affiliations MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom

Keith M. Godfrey

Affiliations Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom

Mark A. Hanson

Affiliations Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom

Rohan M. Lewis

Affiliations Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom

Jane K. Cleal

j.k.cleal@southampton.ac.uk

Affiliations Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JC RL HI KG MH CC NH. Performed the experiments: JC PD PM NH. Analyzed the data: GN SC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: NH HI KG. Wrote the paper: JC PD RL.