About the Authors

Michael Kreinest

Affiliations BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Department of Trauma Surgery and Orthopedics, Ludwigshafen, Germany, PHTLS Europe Research Group, Offenbach/Queich, Germany

Sarah Goller

Affiliations BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Department of Trauma Surgery and Orthopedics, Ludwigshafen, Germany, PHTLS Europe Research Group, Offenbach/Queich, Germany

Geraldine Rauch

Affiliation University of Heidelberg, Institute for Medical Biometry and Informatics, Heidelberg, Germany

Christian Frank

Affiliations Mittelbaden Clinic, Department for Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Baden-Baden, Germany, PHTLS Europe Research Group, Offenbach/Queich, Germany

Bernhard Gliwitzky

Affiliation PHTLS Europe Research Group, Offenbach/Queich, Germany

Christoph G. Wölfl

Affiliations BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Department of Trauma Surgery and Orthopedics, Ludwigshafen, Germany, PHTLS Europe Research Group, Offenbach/Queich, Germany

Stefan Matschke

Affiliation BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Department of Trauma Surgery and Orthopedics, Ludwigshafen, Germany

Matthias Münzberg

matthias.muenzberg@bgu-ludwigshafen.de

Affiliations BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Department of Trauma Surgery and Orthopedics, Ludwigshafen, Germany, PHTLS Europe Research Group, Offenbach/Queich, Germany

Competing Interests

MK, MM, CGW and CF are Medical Course Directors for PHTLS Germany. MM is furthermore Medical Director for PHTLS Germany. MM and CGW are furthermore ATLS Course Directors. SG and BG are Instructors for PHTLS Germany. BG is furthermore PHTLS chair of Germany. This does not alter the authors' adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. GR and SM confirm having no conflict of interest.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MK SG GR CF BG CGW SM MM. Performed the experiments: MK SG MM. Analyzed the data: MK SG GR SM MM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MK CF CGW SM. Wrote the paper: MK SG GR CF MM.