About the Authors

Ilga Porth

Contributed equally to this work with: Ilga Porth, Jaroslav Klápště

Affiliations Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada, Département des Sciences du Bois et de la Forêt, Faculté de Foresterie, de Géographie et de Géomatique, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6 Canada

Jaroslav Klápště

Contributed equally to this work with: Ilga Porth, Jaroslav Klápště

Affiliations Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada, Department of Genetics and Physiology of Forest Trees, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, 165 21, Czech Republic

Athena D. McKown

Affiliation Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada

Jonathan La Mantia

Affiliations Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada, Corn, Soybean and Wheat Quality Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Wooster, Ohio, 44691 United States of America

Robert D. Guy

Affiliation Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada

Pär K. Ingvarsson

Affiliation Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden

Richard Hamelin

Affiliation Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada

Shawn D. Mansfield

Affiliation Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada

Jürgen Ehlting

Affiliation Department of Biology and Centre for Forest Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5, Canada

Carl J. Douglas

Affiliation Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada

Yousry A. El-Kassaby

y.el-kassaby@ubc.ca

Affiliation Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: YE-K RDG RCH JE SDM CJD. Performed the experiments: IP ADM JL. Analyzed the data: JK IP. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: PI. Wrote the paper: IP JK YE-K.