About the Authors

Meredith A. Lilly

Affiliation Developmental Biology, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Anne and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Ave. Box 225, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, United States of America

Natalie A. Kulkulka

Affiliation Developmental Biology, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Anne and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Ave. Box 225, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, United States of America

Paula R. Firmiss

Affiliation Developmental Biology, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Anne and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Ave. Box 225, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, United States of America

Michael J. Ross

Affiliation Loyola University Health System, Department of Urology, 2160 S. First St., Maywood, Illinois, United States of America

Andrew S. Flum

Affiliations Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Urology, 303 E. Chicago Ave., 16–703, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, United States of America, Developmental Biology, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Anne and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Ave. Box 225, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, United States of America

Grace B. Delos Santos

Affiliation Loyola University Health System, Department of Urology, 2160 S. First St., Maywood, Illinois, United States of America

Diana K. Bowen

Affiliations Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Urology, 303 E. Chicago Ave., 16–703, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, United States of America, Developmental Biology, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Anne and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Ave. Box 225, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, United States of America

Robert W. Dettman

r-dettman@northwestern.edu (RWD); emgong@northwestern.edu (EMG)

Affiliations Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Urology, 303 E. Chicago Ave., 16–703, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, United States of America, Developmental Biology, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Anne and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Ave. Box 225, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, United States of America

Edward M. Gong

r-dettman@northwestern.edu (RWD); emgong@northwestern.edu (EMG)

Affiliations Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Urology, 303 E. Chicago Ave., 16–703, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, United States of America, Developmental Biology, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Anne and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Ave. Box 225, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MAL RWD EMG. Performed the experiments: MAL PRF MJR NAK ASF GDS DKB. Analyzed the data: MAL RWD EMG. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: RWD EMG. Wrote the paper: MAL RWD EMG.