About the Authors

Taichi Kumanomidou

Contributed equally to this work with: Taichi Kumanomidou, Kazuya Nishio

Affiliation Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan

Kazuya Nishio

Contributed equally to this work with: Taichi Kumanomidou, Kazuya Nishio

Affiliation Picobiology Institute, Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Kouto, Kamigori-cho, Ako-gun, Hyogo, Japan

Kenji Takagi

Affiliation Picobiology Institute, Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Kouto, Kamigori-cho, Ako-gun, Hyogo, Japan

Tomomi Nakagawa

Affiliation Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan

Atsuo Suzuki

Affiliation Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan

Takashi Yamane

Affiliation Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan

Fuminori Tokunaga

Affiliation Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan

Kazuhiro Iwai

Affiliation Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan

Arisa Murakami

Affiliation Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan

Yukiko Yoshida

mizushi@sci.u-hyogo.ac.jp (TM); yoshida-yk@igakuken.or.jp (YY)

Affiliation Ubiquitin Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan

Keiji Tanaka

Affiliation Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan

Tsunehiro Mizushima

mizushi@sci.u-hyogo.ac.jp (TM); yoshida-yk@igakuken.or.jp (YY)

Affiliation Picobiology Institute, Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Kouto, Kamigori-cho, Ako-gun, Hyogo, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: TM YY. Performed the experiments: TK KN K. Takagi TN FT AM YY. Analyzed the data: AS TY KI K. Tanaka YY TM. Wrote the paper: TM YY KN.