About the Authors

Nadège Forfert

Contributed equally to this work with: Nadège Forfert, Myrsini E. Natsopoulou

nadege.forfert@zoologie.uni-halle.de

Affiliation Institute of Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany

Myrsini E. Natsopoulou

Contributed equally to this work with: Nadège Forfert, Myrsini E. Natsopoulou

Affiliation Institute of Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany

Eva Frey

Affiliation University of Hohenheim, Apicultural State Institute, Stuttgart,Germany

Peter Rosenkranz

Affiliation University of Hohenheim, Apicultural State Institute, Stuttgart,Germany

Robert J. Paxton

Affiliation Institute of Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany

Robin F. A. Moritz

Affiliations Institute of Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: RJP RFAM PR EF MEN. Performed the experiments: EF MEN. Analyzed the data: MEN NF. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: NF EF MEN RJP RFAM PR. Wrote the paper: NF MEN RJP RFAM PR.