About the Authors

Phillippa M. Cumberland

p.cumberland@ucl.ac.uk

Affiliations Life Course Epidemiology and Biostatistics Section, University College London (UCL) Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom, Ulverscroft Vision Research Group, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom

Yanchun Bao

Affiliations Life Course Epidemiology and Biostatistics Section, University College London (UCL) Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom, Ulverscroft Vision Research Group, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom

Pirro G. Hysi

Affiliation Department of Ophthalmology, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom

Paul J. Foster

Affiliation National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom

Christopher J. Hammond

Affiliations Department of Ophthalmology, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom, Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom

Jugnoo S. Rahi

Affiliations Life Course Epidemiology and Biostatistics Section, University College London (UCL) Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom, Ulverscroft Vision Research Group, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

UK Biobank Eyes & Vision Consortium

Membership of the UK Biobank Eyes & Vision Consortium is provided in the Acknowledgments.

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JSR PMC CJH PGH PJF. Analyzed the data: YB PMC. Wrote the paper: PMC JSR CJH. Review and critque of manuscript: PGH PJF.