About the Authors

Mawuena Binka

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Elijah Paintsil

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America, Departments of Pediatrics & Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Amisha Patel

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Brett D. Lindenbach

Affiliation Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Robert Heimer

robert.heimer@yale.edu

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: RH EP MB. Performed the experiments: MB AP EP. Analyzed the data: MB RH EP. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: BDL. Wrote the paper: MB RH BDL EP.