About the Authors

Xiaoyu Jiang

Current address: Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

Affiliation Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Liya Yuan

Affiliation Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

John A. Engelbach

Affiliation Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Jeremy Cates

Affiliation Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Carlos J. Perez-Torres

Affiliation Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Feng Gao

Affiliations Division of Biostatistics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America, Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Dinesh Thotala

Affiliations Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America, Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Robert E. Drzymala

Affiliations Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Robert E. Schmidt

Affiliation Department of Neuropathology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Keith M. Rich

Affiliations Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Dennis E. Hallahan

Affiliations Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America, Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Joseph J. H. Ackerman

Affiliations Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America, Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America, Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Joel R. Garbow

garbow@wustl.edu

Affiliations Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America, Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: RED RES KMR DEH JJHA JRG. Performed the experiments: XJ JAE JC CJPT LY RED. Analyzed the data: XJ JAE CJPT LY RES FG DT JRG. Wrote the paper: XJ CJPT DT RED RES KMR DEH JJHA JRG.