About the Authors

Seong-Ho Koh

Contributed equally to this work with: Seong-Ho Koh, Anna C. Liang, Yoko Takahashi

Affiliations Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Neurology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

Anna C. Liang

Contributed equally to this work with: Seong-Ho Koh, Anna C. Liang, Yoko Takahashi

Affiliation Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America

Yoko Takahashi

Contributed equally to this work with: Seong-Ho Koh, Anna C. Liang, Yoko Takahashi

Affiliations Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Developmental Neuroscience, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan

Takakuni Maki

Affiliation Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America

Akihiro Shindo

Affiliation Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America

Noriko Osumi

Affiliation Department of Developmental Neuroscience, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan

Jing Zhao

Affiliation Regenerative Medicine Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Hong Lin

Affiliation Regenerative Medicine Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Julie C. Holder

Affiliation Regenerative Medicine Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Tsu Tshen Chuang

Current Address: Plasticell Ltd., Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Stevenage, United Kingdom

Affiliation Regenerative Medicine Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

John D. McNeish

Affiliation Regenerative Medicine Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Ken Arai

Affiliation Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America

Eng H. Lo

Lo@helix.mgh.harvard.edu

Affiliation Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

Several authors (JZ, HL, JCH, TTC, and JDM) were employed and paid by Glaxo-Smith-Kline. But this does not alter the authors’ adherence to PLOS ONE policies on data sharing materials. Isx-9 is not a Glaxo-Smith-Kline compound, and belongs to the public domain.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SHK NO JZ HL JCH TTC JDM KA EHL. Performed the experiments: SHK ACL YT TM AS JZ HL. Analyzed the data: SHK ACL YT HL JCH TTC KA EHL. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JZ HL JCH TTC JDM. Wrote the paper: SHK HL JCH TTC JDM KA EHL.