About the Authors

Huai-Long Shi

Affiliations Department of Finance, School of Business, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China, Research Center for Econophysics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 300237, China

Zhi-Qiang Jiang

Affiliations Department of Finance, School of Business, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China, Research Center for Econophysics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 300237, China

Wei-Xing Zhou

wxzhou@ecust.edu.cn

Affiliations Department of Finance, School of Business, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China, Research Center for Econophysics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 300237, China, Department of Mathematics, School of Science, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 300237, China

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: WXZ. Performed the experiments: HLS. Analyzed the data: HLS ZQJ WXZ. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: HLS ZQJ. Wrote the paper: HLS WXZ.