About the Authors

Federica Del Chierico

Affiliation Unit of Metagenomics, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy

Pamela Vernocchi

Affiliations Unit of Metagenomics, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy, Interdipartimental Centre for Industrial Research-CIRI-AGRIFOOD, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

Andrea Petrucca

Affiliations Unit of Metagenomics, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy, Department of Diagnostic Science, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy

Paola Paci

Affiliation CNR, Institute of Systems Analysis and Informatics Antonio Ruberti, Rome, Italy

Susana Fuentes

Affiliation Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands

Giulia Praticò

Affiliation Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy

Giorgio Capuani

Affiliation Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy

Andrea Masotti

Affiliation Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy

Sofia Reddel

Affiliation Unit of Metagenomics, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy

Alessandra Russo

Affiliation Unit of Metagenomics, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy

Cristina Vallone

Affiliation Department of Obstetrics and Gyneacology, San Camillo Hospital, Rome, Italy

Guglielmo Salvatori

Affiliation Department of Neonatology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy

Elsa Buffone

Affiliation Department of Neonatology, San Camillo Hospital, Rome, Italy

Fabrizio Signore

Affiliation Department of Obstetrics and Gyneacology, San Camillo Hospital, Rome, Italy

Giuliano Rigon

Affiliation Department of Obstetrics and Gyneacology, San Camillo Hospital, Rome, Italy

Andrea Dotta

Affiliation Department of Neonatology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy

Alfredo Miccheli

Affiliation Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy

Willem M. de Vos

Affiliations Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands, Departments of Veterinary Biosciences and Bacteriology & Immunology, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland

Bruno Dallapiccola

Affiliation Scientific Directorate, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy

Lorenza Putignani

lorenza.putignani@opbg.net

Affiliations Unit of Metagenomics, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy, Unit of Parasitology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: FDC PV LP. Performed the experiments: FDC PV SF GP GC SR AR A. Miccheli. Analyzed the data: FDC PV AP PP A. Masotti. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: WMdV BD LP. Wrote the paper: FDC PV AP WMdV BD LP A. Miccheli. Mother baby couple recruitment and sample collection organization: CV GS EB FS GR AD.