About the Authors

Michelle H. Reynolds

mreynolds@usgs.gov

Affiliation U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, PO Box 44, Hawai‘i National Park, Hawai‘i, United States of America

Karen N. Courtot

Affiliation U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, PO Box 44, Hawai‘i National Park, Hawai‘i, United States of America

Paul Berkowitz

Affiliation Hawai‘i Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawai‘i at Hilo, Hawai‘i National Park, Hawai‘i, United States of America

Curt D. Storlazzi

Affiliation U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, 400 Natural Bridges Drive, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America

Janet Moore

Current Address: NS Environment, 30 Damascus Rd., Suite 115, Bedford, Nova Scotia, B4A 0C1, Canada

Affiliation Saint Mary’s University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

Elizabeth Flint

Affiliation U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Pacific Islands Refuges and Monuments Office, 300 Ala Moana Blvd. Suite 5–231, Honolulu, Hawai‘i, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MHR KNC PB CDS JM. Performed the experiments: KNC PB CDS JM. Analyzed the data: MHR KNC PB CDS JM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MHR KNC PB CDS JM EF. Wrote the paper: MHR KNC PB CDS. Collected and maintained field data: KNC JM EF. Facilitated data collection: MHR EF. Provided substantial edits and comments to the draft versions of this manuscript: MHR KNC PB CDS EF JM.