About the Authors

Raúl Ramallal

Affiliations Department of Cardiology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Servicio Navarro de Salud, Pamplona, Spain, IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain

Estefanía Toledo

Affiliations IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, Ciber de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain

Miguel A. Martínez-González

Affiliations IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, Ciber de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain

Aitor Hernández-Hernández

Affiliations IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain

Ana García-Arellano

Affiliations IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, Ciber de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain

Nitin Shivappa

Affiliations Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States of America, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States of America

James R. Hébert

Affiliations Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States of America, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States of America

Miguel Ruiz-Canela

mcanela@unav.es

Affiliations IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, Ciber de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain

Competing Interests

Dr. James R. Hébert owns controlling interest in Connecting Health Innovations LLC (CHI), a company planning to license the right to his invention of the dietary inflammatory index (DII) from the University of South Carolina in order to develop computer and smart phone applications for patient counselling and dietary intervention in clinical settings. Dr. Nitin Shivappa is an employee of CHI. The subject matter of this paper will not have any direct bearing on that work, nor has that activity exerted any influence on this project.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: RR ET MM AH AG NS JH MR. Performed the experiments: RR ET MM AH AG NS JH MR. Analyzed the data: RR ET MM AG MR. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: RR ET MM AH AG NS JH MR. Wrote the paper: RR ET MM AH AG NS JH MR.