About the Authors

Neil A. Brummitt

Contributed equally to this work with: Neil A. Brummitt, Steven P. Bachman

n.brummitt@nhm.ac.uk

Affiliation Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom

Steven P. Bachman

Contributed equally to this work with: Neil A. Brummitt, Steven P. Bachman

Affiliations Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom, School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

Janine Griffiths-Lee

Affiliation Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom

Maiko Lutz

Affiliation Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom

Justin F. Moat

Affiliations Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom, School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

Aljos Farjon

Affiliation Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom

John S. Donaldson

Affiliation South African National Biodiversity Institute, KRC, Private Bag X7, Claremont, South Africa

Craig Hilton-Taylor

Affiliation IUCN Red List Unit, Sheraton House, Castle Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Thomas R. Meagher

Affiliation School of Biology, Dyers Brae, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom

Sara Albuquerque

Current address: Universidade de Évora, Palácio do Vimioso, Largo Marquês do Marialva, Évora, Portugal

Affiliation Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom

Elina Aletrari

Affiliations Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom, King's College London, Strand, London, United Kingdom

A. Kei Andrews

Current address: Hegelstrasse 7, Tübingen, Germany

Affiliation Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom

Guy Atchison

Current address: Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland

Affiliation Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom

Elisabeth Baloch

Affiliation Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom

Barbara Barlozzini

Current address: SIFitLab (Laboratory of the Italian Society of Herbal Medicine), University of Siena, Via Laterina, Siena, Italy

Affiliation Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom

Alice Brunazzi

Current address: Agrobiosciences–Genomics and Crop Science, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà, Pisa, Italy

Affiliation Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom

Julia Carretero

Affiliation Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom

Marco Celesti

Current address: Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, Milano, Italy

Affiliation Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom

Helen Chadburn

Affiliation Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom

Eduardo Cianfoni

Affiliation Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom

Chris Cockel

Current address: 93 Otho Court, Augustus Close, Brentford, Middlesex, United Kingdom

Affiliation Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom

Vanessa Coldwell

Current address: Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust, Slimbridge, Gloucestershire, United Kingdom

Affiliation Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom

Benedetta Concetti

Current address: ERSAF, Via Oliva, Gargnano (BS), Italy

Affiliation Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom

Sara Contu

Affiliations Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom

Vicki Crook

Current address: TRAFFIC International, Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Affiliation Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom

Philippa Dyson

Current address: Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, United Kingdom

Affiliation Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom

Lauren Gardiner

Affiliation Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom

Nadia Ghanim

Affiliation Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom

Hannah Greene

Current address: Jacobs, Dundee Street, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Affiliation Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom

Alice Groom

Current address: Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Lodge, Potton Road, Sandy, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom

Affiliation Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom

Ruth Harker

Affiliations Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom

Della Hopkins

Affiliation Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom

Sonia Khela

Current address: Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Environmental Records Centre, The Manor House, Broad Street, Great Cambourne, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom

Affiliation Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom

Poppy Lakeman-Fraser

Current address: Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom

Affiliation Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom

Heather Lindon

Affiliations Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom

Helen Lockwood

Current address: Artisan Plant Nurseries, Kings Hill Nurseries, Kings Hill Lane, Finham, Coventry, Warwickshire, United Kingdom

Affiliation Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom

Christine Loftus

Current address: International School of St. Gallen, Höhenweg, St. Gallen, Switzerland

Affiliation Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom

Debora Lombrici

Affiliation Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom

Lucia Lopez-Poveda

Affiliations Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom

James Lyon

Affiliation Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom

Patricia Malcolm-Tompkins

Affiliation Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom

Kirsty McGregor

Current address: University Offices, Wellington Square, Oxford, United Kingdom

Affiliation Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom

Laura Moreno

Current address: WWF España, Gran Vía de San Francisco, Madrid, Spain

Affiliation Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom

Linda Murray

Affiliation Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom

Keara Nazar

Affiliation Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom

Emily Power

Affiliation Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom

Mireya Quiton Tuijtelaars

Affiliation Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom

Ruth Salter

Affiliation Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom

Robert Segrott

Affiliation Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom

Hannah Thacker

Current address: Natural England, Nobel House, Smith Square, London, United Kingdom

Affiliation Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom

Leighton J. Thomas

Affiliation Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom

Sarah Tingvoll

Current address: 12 Stockton Hill, Dawlish, Devon, United Kingdom

Affiliation Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom

Gemma Watkinson

Affiliation Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom

Katerina Wojtaszekova

Affiliation Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom

Eimear M. Nic Lughadha

Affiliation Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The funding organisations provided support in the form of salaries for authors, but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. None of this alters the authors' adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: NB SB JM TM ENL. Performed the experiments: NB SB JG-L ML JM TM SA EA EB HC CC V. Coldwell SC V. Crook RH PM-T. Analyzed the data: NB SB JG-L ML JM CH-T. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: NB SB JG-L ML JM AF JD CH-T TM SA EA KA GA EB BB AB JC MC HC EC CC V. Coldwell BC SC V. Crook PD LG NG HG AG RH DH SK PL-F H. Lindon H. Lockwood CL DL LL-P JL PM-T KMG L. Moreno L. Murray KN EP MQT R. Salter R. Segrott HT LT ST GW KW. Wrote the paper: NB SB JG-L ML JM AF JD CH-T TM ENL.