About the Authors

Gunnstein Norheim

gunnstein.norheim@fhi.no

Affiliations Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway

Holly Sanders

Affiliation National Institute of Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, United Kingdom

Jardar W. Mellesdal

Affiliation Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway

Idunn Sundfør

Affiliation Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway

Hannah Chan

Affiliation National Institute of Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, United Kingdom

Carina Brehony

Affiliation Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Caroline Vipond

Affiliation National Institute of Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, United Kingdom

Chris Dold

Affiliation Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom

Rory Care

Affiliation National Institute of Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, United Kingdom

Muhammad Saleem

Affiliation University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Martin C. J. Maiden

Affiliation Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Jeremy P. Derrick

Affiliation University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Ian Feavers

Affiliation National Institute of Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, United Kingdom

Andrew J. Pollard

Affiliation Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

AP, JP and MM are named inventors on a patent application concerning a PorA FetA vaccine but this application is no longer being pursued. AJP has led clinical trials of meningococcal vaccines on behalf of Oxford University sponsored by Novartis and Pfizer but does not receive any personal payments or travel funds from vaccine manufacturers. The Wellcome Trust has been involved in the decision to publish this work and critical review of the manuscript. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: GN HS IF JD AJP JWM IS CB. Performed the experiments: GN HS HC CV JWM IS CD CV. Analyzed the data: GN HS CD AJP MCJM IS JWM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: GN MS IF HC IS JWM RC. Wrote the paper: GN HS IF AJP CB. Genomic analyses: CB. Critically revised the manuscript: GN HS JWM IS HC CB CV CD RC MS MCJM JPD IF AJP.