About the Authors
- Lars Ole Schwen
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* E-mail: ole.schwen@mevis.fraunhofer.de
Affiliation Fraunhofer MEVIS, Bremen, Germany
- Arne Schenk
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Affiliations Computational Systems Biology, Bayer Technology Services, Leverkusen, Germany, Aachen Institute for Advanced Study in Computational Engineering Sciences, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Clemens Kreutz
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Affiliation Freiburg Center for Data Analysis and Modeling (FDM), Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Jens Timmer
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Affiliations Freiburg Center for Data Analysis and Modeling (FDM), Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany, BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- María Matilde Bartolomé Rodríguez
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Affiliation Clinic for Internal Medicine II/Molecular Biology, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
- Lars Kuepfer
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Affiliations Computational Systems Biology, Bayer Technology Services, Leverkusen, Germany, Institute of Applied Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Tobias Preusser
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Affiliations Fraunhofer MEVIS, Bremen, Germany, Jacobs University, Bremen, Germany
Competing Interests
The authors of this manuscript have read the journal’s policy and have the following competing interests: AS and LK are employed by Bayer Technology Services, the company developing PK-Sim. The other authors have declared that no competing interests exist. This does not alter the authors’ adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.
Author Contributions
Wrote the paper: LOS AS CK JT MMBR LK TP. Designed the multi-scale model: LOS AS LK TP. Implemented the simulation framework: LOS. Parametrized the midazolam model based on literature data: AS LK. Adapted the caffeine model: AS LK. Performed insulin in vitro experiments: CK MMBR. Designed and parametrized the insulin model: CK JT. Performed the numerical simulations: LOS.