About the Authors

Chia-Min Chen

Contributed equally to this work with: Chia-Min Chen, Ming-Ju Tsai, Po-Ju Wei

Affiliation Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

Ming-Ju Tsai

Contributed equally to this work with: Chia-Min Chen, Ming-Ju Tsai, Po-Ju Wei

Affiliations Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Sleep Disorders Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

Po-Ju Wei

Contributed equally to this work with: Chia-Min Chen, Ming-Ju Tsai, Po-Ju Wei

Affiliation Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

Yu-Chung Su

Affiliations Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

Chih-Jen Yang

Affiliations Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

Meng-Ni Wu

Affiliations Sleep Disorders Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

Chung-Yao Hsu

Affiliations Sleep Disorders Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

Shang-Jyh Hwang

Affiliations Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Department of Renal Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

Inn-Wen Chong

Affiliations Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Department of Respiratory Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

Ming-Shyan Huang

shyan310@gmail.com

Affiliations Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: CMC MJT PJW MSH. Performed the experiments: MJT MNW CYH MSH. Analyzed the data: MJT PJW MNW CYH SJH IWC MSH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: YCS CJY SJH IWC MSH. Wrote the paper: CMC MJT PJW. Edited and approved the manuscript: CMC MJT PJW YCS CJY MNW CYH SJH IWC MSH.