About the Authors

M. Irfan Ashraf

irfan.ashraf@unb.ca

Affiliations Faculty of Forestry, Range Management, & Wildlife, Arid Agriculture University, Murree Road, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan, Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada

Fan-Rui Meng

Affiliation Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada

Charles P.-A. Bourque

Affiliation Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada

David A. MacLean

Affiliation Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MIA FRM. Performed the experiments: MIA. Analyzed the data: MIA. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MIA CP-AB. Wrote the paper: MIA CP-AB DM.