About the Authors

Joice Ruggeri

joice.ruggeri@gmail.com

‡ JR, AVL, KRZ and LFT contributed equally to this work. MPG, LRVA and MM also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Ana V. Longo

‡ JR, AVL, KRZ and LFT contributed equally to this work. MPG, LRVA and MM also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America

Marília P. Gaiarsa

‡ JR, AVL, KRZ and LFT contributed equally to this work. MPG, LRVA and MM also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Laura R. V. Alencar

‡ JR, AVL, KRZ and LFT contributed equally to this work. MPG, LRVA and MM also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Carolina Lambertini

Affiliation Laboratório de História Natural de Anfíbios Brasileiros (LaHNAB), Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

Domingos S. Leite

Affiliation Laboratório de Antígenos Bacterianos, Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

Sergio P. Carvalho-e-Silva

Affiliation Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Kelly R. Zamudio

‡ JR, AVL, KRZ and LFT contributed equally to this work. MPG, LRVA and MM also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America

Luís Felipe Toledo

‡ JR, AVL, KRZ and LFT contributed equally to this work. MPG, LRVA and MM also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Laboratório de História Natural de Anfíbios Brasileiros (LaHNAB), Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

Marcio Martins

‡ JR, AVL, KRZ and LFT contributed equally to this work. MPG, LRVA and MM also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MPG LRVA MM. Performed the experiments: JR CL. Analyzed the data: JR MPG LRVA MM AVL. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: DSL LFT AVL. Wrote the paper: JR AVL MPG LRVA CL DSL SPCS KRZ LFT MM.